Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/New_York' for 'EDT/-4.0/DST' instead in /home/web/arpith/b2evocore/_class_itemlist.php on line 448
Arpith Chacko Jacob<br /> <b>Warning</b>: date() [<a href='function.date'>function.date</a>]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/New_York' for 'EDT/-4.0/DST' instead in <b>/home/web/arpith/b2evocore/_functions_cats.php</b> on line <b>401</b><br /> - uClinux porting HOWTO
Arpith Chacko Jacob - since 1982...

Warning: mktime() [function.mktime]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/New_York' for 'EDT/-4.0/DST' instead in /home/web/arpith/b2evocore/_functions.php on line 342

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/New_York' for 'EDT/-4.0/DST' instead in /home/web/arpith/b2evocore/_functions.php on line 358

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/New_York' for 'EDT/-4.0/DST' instead in /home/web/arpith/b2evocore/_functions.php on line 359

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/New_York' for 'EDT/-4.0/DST' instead in /home/web/arpith/b2evocore/_functions.php on line 391

Warning: mktime() [function.mktime]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/New_York' for 'EDT/-4.0/DST' instead in /home/web/arpith/b2evocore/_functions.php on line 342

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/New_York' for 'EDT/-4.0/DST' instead in /home/web/arpith/b2evocore/_functions.php on line 358

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/New_York' for 'EDT/-4.0/DST' instead in /home/web/arpith/b2evocore/_functions.php on line 359

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/New_York' for 'EDT/-4.0/DST' instead in /home/web/arpith/b2evocore/_functions.php on line 391

  uClinux porting HOWTO


Warning: mktime() [function.mktime]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/New_York' for 'EDT/-4.0/DST' instead in /home/web/arpith/b2evocore/_functions.php on line 342

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/New_York' for 'EDT/-4.0/DST' instead in /home/web/arpith/b2evocore/_functions.php on line 358

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/New_York' for 'EDT/-4.0/DST' instead in /home/web/arpith/b2evocore/_functions.php on line 359

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/New_York' for 'EDT/-4.0/DST' instead in /home/web/arpith/b2evocore/_functions.php on line 391
Monday 26th 2004f July 2004,
Warning: mktime() [function.mktime]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/New_York' for 'EDT/-4.0/DST' instead in /home/web/arpith/b2evocore/_functions.php on line 342

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/New_York' for 'EDT/-4.0/DST' instead in /home/web/arpith/b2evocore/_functions.php on line 358

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/New_York' for 'EDT/-4.0/DST' instead in /home/web/arpith/b2evocore/_functions.php on line 359

Warning: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'America/New_York' for 'EDT/-4.0/DST' instead in /home/web/arpith/b2evocore/_functions.php on line 391
04:30:56 pm. Posted in: Embedded. 8804 words.  

Board & processor configuration:
uclinux/linux-2.4.x/arch/armnommu/config.in

In the "System" menu, add the board to be supported in the "ARM system type" selection. In this case an option ACME is added and CONFIG_ARCH_ACME defined.

#---------------------------------------------------------
# S y s t e m
#---------------------------------------------------------

mainmenu_option next_comment
comment 'System Type'
choice 'ARM system type' \
         "TI-DSC21                CONFIG_ARCH_DSC21 \
         TI-C5471                 CONFIG_ARCH_C5471 \
         Conexant                 CONFIG_ARCH_CNXT \
         NET+ARM                  CONFIG_ARCH_NETARM \
         Triscend-A7S             CONFIG_ARCH_TA7S \
         Triscend-A7V             CONFIG_ARCH_TA7V \
         SWARM                    CONFIG_ARCH_SWARM \
         Samsung                  CONFIG_ARCH_SAMSUNG \
         ACME                     CONFIG_ARCH_ACME \
         Atmel                    CONFIG_ARCH_ATMEL" ACME

Next, some of the defaults for the processor and board are defined. These options will have to be selected based on the processor characteristics. Some of the other processor configurations in the file can be used as examples.

if [ "$CONFIG_ARCH_ACME" = "y" ]; then
        define_bool CONFIG_NO_PGT_CACHE y
        define_bool CONFIG_CPU_32v4 y
        define_bool CONFIG_CPU_32 y
        define_bool CONFIG_CPU_26 n
        define_bool CONFIG_CPU_ARM710 y
        define_bool CONFIG_CPU_WITH_CACHE y
        define_bool CONFIG_CPU_WITH_MCR_INSTRUCTION n
        define_int CONFIG_ARM_CLK 60000000
        define_int CONFIG_FORCE_MAX_ZONEORDER 5
        define_bool CONFIG_SERIAL_44B0 y
        define_bool CONFIG_VT y
        if [ "$CONFIG_SET_MEM_PARAM" = "n" ]; then
                define_hex DRAM_BASE 0x0C000000
                define_hex DRAM_SIZE 0x00800000
                define_hex FLASH_MEM_BASE 0x00000000
                define_hex FLASH_SIZE 0x00400000
        fi
fi

Here, the processor clock is defined at 60Mhz, and the RAM and ROM (flash) configuration is set for this particular board. Additional options such as CONFIG_SERIAL_44B0 force the inclusion of corresponding device drivers in the linux build process.

uclinux/linux-2.4.x/arch/armnommu/Makefile

In the architecture specific Makefile, two variables need to be set. The variable TEXTADDR refers to the target location in DRAM where the final binary will be loaded and executed. Linking by the compiler is done with reference to this location. This is usually at the top of DRAM at a 32-bit aligned address. In this case, the binary is loaded at offset 0x8000 into the DRAM base address 0x0c000000. The first 32k bytes of DRAM are used to store interrupt vectors, and to pass bootup parameters to uClinux from the bootloader.

The variable MACHINE defines the directories where the processor specific files will be created, in this case: uclinux/linux-2.4.x/arch/armnommu/mach-s3c44b0x/ and uclinux/linux-2.4.x/include/asm-armnommu/arch-s3c44b0x/

ifeq ($(CONFIG_ARCH_ACME),y)
        TEXTADDR = 0x0c008000
        MACHINE = s3c44b0x
endif

uclinux/linux-2.4.x/arch/armnommu/tools/mach-types

This file holds a database of machine type macros and their numbers. A new machine requires a unique number, which is alloted by the ARM maintainers. To register, follow the steps detailed in uclinux/linux-2.4.x/Documentation/arm/README. Temporarily, add a new line as shown. Select the same name (ARCH_ACME) as was used in config.in to describe the machine configuration. A unique number will also have to be selected.

# machine_is_xxx        CONFIG_xxxx        MACH_TYPE_xxx        number
 acme        ARCH_ACME        ACME        350

Generate the header file using the script in the tools directory by executing "awk -f gen-mach-types mach-types > mach-types.h". Finally, move mach-types.h to uclinux/linux-2.4.x/include/asm-armnommu/mach-types.h

uclinux/linux-2.4.x/arch/armnommu/vmlinux-armv.lds.in

The linker script for the 32-bit processor is vmlinux-armv.lds.in. An important section to consider here is the ROM filesystem storage location. The resultant binary after the uClinux build process is a combination of the uClinux kernel and a filesystem containing selected utilities. Typically the filesystem is a ROMFS and is loaded into DRAM. There are two ways to include the filesystem image in the uClinux binary, either concatenated with the uClinux kernel, or included in the kernel itself. The former case requires movement of the filesystem into the appropriate location in DRAM, while the latter requires no such code during startup. The following code is added at the end of the .text section:

.text : {                          /* Real text segment */
        ...
        ...
        ...

        *(.got)                    /* Global offset table */
        romfs_data = .;
        romfs.o
        romfs_data_end = .;

        _etext = .;                /* End of text section */
}

The romfs image romfs.o is written at the location romfs_data in the final binary. This variable is referenced in the blkmem driver.

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